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Bones of the face and skull11/19/2023 ![]() ![]() One of the major muscles that pulls the mandible upward during biting and chewing arises from the zygomatic arch. Thus, the temporal process (anteriorly) and the zygomatic process (posteriorly) join, like the two ends of a drawbridge, to form the zygomatic arch. It is formed by the junction of two bony processes: a short anterior component, the temporal process of the zygomatic bone (the cheekbone) and a longer posterior portion, the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, extending forward from the temporal bone. The zygomatic arch is the bony arch on the side of skull that spans from the area of the cheek to just above the ear canal. Separating these areas is the bridge of bone called the zygomatic arch. Lateral View of the SkullĪ view of the lateral skull is dominated by the large, rounded brain case above and the upper and lower jaws with their teeth below (Figure 10.9.3). The superior nasal concha is located just lateral to the perpendicular plate, in the upper nasal cavity. It is much smaller and out of sight, above the middle concha. A third bony plate, also part of the ethmoid bone, is the superior nasal concha. Located just above the inferior concha is the middle nasal concha, which is part of the ethmoid bone. The larger of these is the inferior nasal concha, an independent bone of the skull. When looking into the nasal cavity from the front of the skull, two bony plates are seen projecting from each lateral wall. Each side of the nasal cavity is triangular in shape, with a broad inferior space that narrows superiorly. The upper portion of the nasal septum is formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and the lower portion is the vomer bone. Inside the nasal area of the skull, the nasal cavity is divided into halves by the nasal septum. An anterior view of the skull shows the bones that form the forehead, orbits (eye sockets), nasal cavity, nasal septum, and upper and lower jaws. Below the orbit is the infraorbital foramen, which is the point of emergence for a sensory nerve that supplies the anterior face below the orbit. ![]() This provides for passage of a sensory nerve to the skin of the forehead. ![]() Located near the midpoint of the supraorbital margin is a small opening called the supraorbital foramen. The upper margin of the anterior orbit is the supraorbital margin. The orbit is the bony socket that houses the eyeball and muscles that move the eyeball or open the upper eyelid. Also seen are the upper and lower jaws, with their respective teeth (Figure 10.9.2). This view of the skull is dominated by the openings of the orbits and the nasal cavity. The anterior skull consists of the facial bones and provides the bony support for the eyes and structures of the face. The skull consists of the rounded brain case that houses the brain and the facial bones that form the upper and lower jaws, nose, orbits, and other facial structures. The 22nd bone is the mandible (lower jaw), which is the only moveable bone of the skull. ![]() In the adult, the skull consists of 22 individual bones, 21 of which are immobile and united into a single unit. The rounded brain case surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault (Figure 10.9.1). The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. Identify the bony openings of the skull.Identify the bones and structures that form the nasal septum and nasal conchae, and locate the hyoid bone.Name the bones that make up the walls of the orbit and identify the openings associated with the orbit.Define the paranasal sinuses and identify the location of each.Locate and define the boundaries of the anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossae, the temporal fossa and infratemporal fossa.Locate the major suture lines of the skull and name the bones associated with each.List and identify the bones of the brain case and face.By the end of this section, you will be able to: ![]()
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